發布時間：2021-09-09 10:08:15
China News network Chengdu September 8, (reporter Wang Pengyue Yi Tong) Carbon dioxide emissions will peak by 2030 and strive to be carbon neutral by 2060. As a major carbon emitter, this is China's promise to the world. For China, which is still dominated by coal power, how to make the energy transition?
"To achieve the goal of 'double carbon', China needs to build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system and build a new power system with new energy as the main body." Zhou Xiaoxin, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and honorary president of China Electric Power Research Institute, proposed "two constructs" at the 2021 Global Green Development Summit Forum, which focuses on "Energy transformation and innovation under the vision of carbon Neutrality", held in Chengdu from September 6 to 8.
Data show that by the end of 2020, China's installed coal power capacity is about 1.095 billion kW, accounting for 49.8% of the total installed capacity, historically entering within 50%, but due to high energy density, coal power generation still accounts for about 65%. According to the analysis, by 2060, China will have to basically eliminate fossil energy generation, and wind, solar, biomass, hydropower and nuclear power will have to account for 99.5% of the total, or carbon neutrality will not be achieved, Zhou said.
In fact, to vigorously develop renewable energy and green energy is the main path for China to achieve carbon neutrality mentioned by many experts. Among them, the development of green energy in western China has attracted much attention.
"Developing solar power resources in the west is one of China's major projects to achieve the goal of 'double carbon'." Tang Yuan, a researcher of the Chinese Society of Policy Sciences, pointed out that China is very rich in scenic resources, with many hundreds of millions of kilowatts of scenic resources available for development and utilization in the western regions of Qinghai, Xinjiang, Gansu and Tibet. "For example, the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai has 110,000 square kilometers of desert which can be used as scenic resources development, and the development cost is very low. "The on-grid price can be controlled within 0.2 yuan per kilowatt-hour."
Tang Yuan stressed that the only way to fundamentally change China's coal-based energy supply pattern is to develop and build a number of super-large wind-based power generation bases in western China by utilizing wind-based resources, replacing coal with green electricity and forming a renewable energy supply pattern.
"To reduce carbon emissions, in addition to reducing carbon dioxide emissions through the energy transition, we also need to absorb carbon dioxide from the air." Tang Yuan said, therefore, China also needs large-scale afforestation, the formation of carbon sink forest, considering the general economy of forest trees is not high, can not be sustainable development, recommend the use of waste mountains and wasteland development of oil energy forest, "not only can use waste mountains and wasteland to form carbon sink forest, but also can increase the supply of biomass oil, reduce oil imports, economy is also very considerable."
Another major focus of the energy transition is the transformation of the power system. In response, Li Liyong, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and chairman of the Expert Committee of China Southern Power Grid Corporation, has proposed that the port for hydrogen and methanol production be replaced by electricity for pan-electrification in China in the future. It is necessary to improve the digitization, information and intelligence of the power system, and build a "transparent grid".
What does' transparent grid 'want to achieve? It means that the entire power grid should be fully visible, controllable, and deeply integrated with the power grid through information technology, integration technology, communication technology, sensing technology, control theory and control technology, so as to realize free data acquisition, data storage, data acquisition and intelligent analysis of the power grid." Lee explained the port.
In terms of power storage technology, Guan Xiaohong, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and professor of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, said that traditional primary energy is converted into electric energy and connected to the grid, but no large-scale economic power storage technology has been found yet. It must be a system of instantaneous supply and demand balance, which poses fundamental challenges to the utilization of renewable energy with high uncertainty. So the phenomenon of abandoning wind, light and water is very serious.
"Hydrogen energy has the advantages of clean, renewable and high energy density. Hydrogen fuel cells are a good storage direction. Hydrogen energy preparation, storage and transportation technology is on the eve of a technological revolution." Therefore, China needs to pay special attention to the breakthrough technology of photocatalytic hydrogen production, hydrogen storage at normal temperature and pressure, and hydrogen fuel cell technology, Guan said. (finish)
